Whether steel or concrete were used on a bridge depended very much on the availability of the material locally. Evaluation of prefabricated composite steel box girder. Effective bracing of steel bridge girders outline stability bracing of i. Unfortunately, this book cant be printed from the openbook. It is assumed the bridge will be cast on falsework. The frequency of use of steel box girders has increased in the state of texas and throughout the united. Box girder sections are fabricated in a fashion similar to a plate girder except that there are two webs that form the sides of the box. The steel girder design criteria are obtained from figures 31 through 33 shown below, from the concrete deck design example, and from the referenced articles and tables in the aashto lrfd bridge design specifications through 2002 interims. The steel box girder bridge, because of its structural efficiency and aesthetics, has become increasingly popular as a bridge type. Analysis and design of prestressed box girder bridge by irc. Pdf files in the structure component plans for each bridge number. Steel bridge tutorials computers and structures, inc. Design guidelines for steel trapezoidal box girder systems todd helwig joseph yura reagan herman.
Proposed design specifications for steel box girder. The steel box girder may have longitudinal stiffeners on. In recent years, steel, trapezoidal boxgirders for curved highway interchanges have been used. This type of solution has the benefit of having great resistance relatively to its own weight, resulting from the optimization of steel and concrete properties. This means that the girders are manufactured in a factory and transported to the location of the bridge, where they are fixed together. Each pdf opens showing the level of completion that is expected for the sheet. Foreword to first edition this guide is the fourth in a series of complementary design guides for composite highway bridges. A girder may be of longer spans, take greater load. Steel box girders and steel and concrete composite box girders are used for long spans, where the self weight of the bridge needs to be minimized, and for situations where their excellent high torsional stiffness is of particular benefit. Steel box girder redesign of estero parkway flyover.
Ex 2 curved steel box girder ex 2 curved steel box girder ncp. Beam the term beam is a general term and means a horizontal member supported at its ends and subjected to loading perpendicular to its longitudinal axis. Data gathered from the experimental testing program were used to validate nonlinear finite element models as well as simplified engineering models. This horizontally curved steel box girder br idge design example was originally developed in the nchrp 1238 project using the 1993 aashto gu ide specifications for horizontally curved steel girder bridges. Because of four unfortunate erection accidents of box girder bridges in austria, the united kingdom, australia, and germany, this type of structure has received much recent attention. It provides a basis for the design of both concrete and steel box bridges, and special attention is paid to stability problems, shear lag phenomenon, and to. A box girder bridge also known as a box section bridge is a bridge in which the main beams comprise girders in the shape of a hollow box. A design optimization problem for steel box girder sections is formulated and a numerical solution procedure is presented.
Design guidelines for steel trapezoidal box girder systems 6. Optimum cost design of steel boxgirder by varying plate thickness article pdf available in ksce journal of civil engineering 1. Design and rating for curved steel i and boxgirder bridge structures c. Design guide for composite box girder bridges steelconstruction. Bridges, and utca projects 03228, stability of curved bridges during construction. Design and rating for curved steel i and box girder. Results show large deflections in the steel box girder as the temperature of the steel increases over the duration of the fire. Authors todd helwig, joseph yura, reagan herman, eric williamson, dawei li 8. The box is typically rectangular or trapezoidal in crosssection.
Then the 1,400ton, 103mlong box girder was lifted successfully from the yangtze river to its final place with strand jacks. Analysis and design of prestressed box girder bridge by. For medium span highway bridges, composite box girders offer an attractive. Steel girder bridge design plans shall be submitted in phasestwo 2. Steel tub girder bridge, steel box girder bridge, lrfd, bolted field splice, top flange lateral bracing, box girder distortional stresses 18. In addition, steel box girders are commonly constructed from.
Bridges with composite steelconcrete box girder deck have been adopted in numerous cases. Siteblauvelt engineers cranberry township, pa pittsburgh, pa b s d i design. Design guidelines for steel trapezoidal box girder systems. Customary aashtopciasbi segmental box girder standards for spanbyspan and balanced cantilever construction december, 1997, metric units including the following. Appendix i design example integral steel boxbeam pier. This book, which discusses the basic problems which appear in boxgirder analysis, introduces progressive methods and proposes ideas which challenge current concepts. Steel bridge design handbook steel structures bridges. The centerline of the bridge lies on a 400 ft radius and the crosssection is a two cell box.
Fast modelling of steel i, box, tub and pc composite bridges using wizard. The example illustrates the design of a typical threespan continuous straight steel i girder bridge with spans of 140. Threespan continuous horizontally curved composite steel tubgirder bridge 5. For this steel girder design example, a plate girder will be designed for an hl93 live load. Since revisions or additions to the design file drawings may occur at any time, the. Curved steel 3d example aashtoware bridge design and.
Modeling the response of fracture critical steel box. An image of a model taken from the sap2000 bridge examples document is shown in figure 1. Behavior of curved steel trapezoidal boxgirders during construction. Heins september, 1937 december 24, 1982 during the past decade, there has been extensive use of steel box girders for straight and curved highway and transit structures. Steel box girders are usually adopted in very long span bridges where it is necessary to keep the selfweight of the structure as minimum as possible. Structures design office structures detailing manual examples. Specifically, the example illustrates the design of selected critical sections from an exterior girder at the strength, service and fatigue. Steel box girder bridges this title is part of the ice publishing complete digital collection helping ensure access to essential engineering content from past to present. This bridge is the i girder design example presented in the appendix of the aashto guide specifications for horizontally curved steel girder highway bridges, 2003. Key words bridges, curved bridge, igirder, box girder, bridge. Study of bridges with composite steelconcrete box girder.
Comparison of the amount of reinforcement for a boxgirder. The first phase is meant to establish type, size and location. Price composite steel box girder bridges have become an effective alternative to more conventional plate girder bridges and concrete girder bridges in north america in the past 25 years. Extending the spatial curved beam finite element theory considering effect of initial curvature developed earlier 7, the objective of this paper is to propose a 1d curved box girder dynamic finite element of three nodes and twentyone degrees of freedom taking account of tension, compression, bending, torsion, and warping and then apply it to analyze the natural vibration. Attached is a model file and a pdf which outlines the procedure for modeling a concrete boxgirder bridge, a steelgirder bridge, and a cablestayed bridge.
Bridge load rating for psc box and composite girder. The box girder has either a trapezoidal or a rectangular crosssection. The example illustrates the design of a typical threespan continuous straight steel igirder bridge with spans of 140. Autogeneration of model files for additional verifications whilst considering. Lrfd design example for steel girder superstructure bridge. It was updated to illustrate the applicability of the revisions to the aashto. They are usually manufactured from prefabricated steel girders.
These structures detailing manual examples are provided in pdf documents that are. Once the box girder section type was approved by the gtaa, four bridge sites were identified as suitable locations for implementation of the single steel box girder structures. The behavior of box girder section for a general case of an. Lrfd steel girder superstructure design example lrfd. In doing so, finleys foursteel box girder design produced significant savings in construction costs over an initially proposed castinplace concrete box girder design. Box girder article about box girder by the free dictionary. Threespan continuous straight composite i girder load and resistance factor design third edition customary u.
Stanford libraries official online search tool for books, media, journals, databases, government documents and more. Plan, elevation and section views are shown on the following pages. Analysis of curved weathering steel box girder bridges in fire. At present a number of innovations taking place in ontario and elsewhere. The second phase if for final design of the structure and foundation system. Contentlrfd design example for steel girder superstructure bridge aashtolrfd design example horizontally curved steel box girder bridge horizontally. Steel box girder bridges american institute of steel.
For a particular girder span and bridge width, a large number of parameters control the design of the bridge such as girder spacing, cross sectional dimensions of girder, deck slab thickness, number of strands per tendon, number of tendons, deck slab reinforcement, configuration of tendons, anchorage system, prestress. The formulation is based on the load and resistance factor design lrfd procedure. Steel box girder is used for footbridges curved in plan and also for bridges with longer spans. Predictions of several fe models are assessed against the results acquired from a field test. Box girder types bridge building bridges of dublin.
Load distribution factors of straight and curved steel concrete composite box and i girder bridges by seyed jalaleddin fatemi thesis submitted for the degree of doctor of philosophy at the university of adelaide the school of civil, environmental and mining engineering australia. This document is available to the public design example, steel bridge through the national technical information service, springfield, va 22161. Steel tub girder, steel box girder, lateral bracing, no restrictions. The application of genetic algorithms gas for a class of numerical examples is investigated. The governing criterion for the use of single box girders on these sites was. Plate girder and attachments steel girders have vertical plates welded to the webs called stiffeners. If you need to print pages from this book, we recommend downloading it as a pdf. German highway administration authorities have even given external prestressing the status of the preferred solution for new concrete boxgirders 1. Pdf optimum cost design of steel boxgirder by varying. Appendix b example problems transportation research board. It provides advice, for those already acquainted with the design of composite ibeam bridges, on the particular aspects of box girders bridge design and the. The box girder normally comprises either prestressed concrete, structural steel, or a composite of steel and reinforced concrete.
Advantages of steel box girder in bridges disadvantages. Box girder bridges are becoming more common because of their ease of. Pdf file click here for printable worksheet box girder bridges are quite common and a basic example is seen below. Posttensioned box girder bridge can be eliminated in continuousspan, castinplace box girders by utilizing monolithic connections between the bridge superstructures and the piers, which in turn eliminate the bearing assemblies maintenance problems. The external prestressing of boxgirder bridges has received increasing attention in recent years, both for new bridges and for the retrofitting of existing bridges 1, 2. New steel box girder bridge heemsteedse brug across. En 199315 used for bottom flange of a boxgirder bridge different effectives width for sls and uls combinations of actions 3 options at uls choice to be performed in the national annex b eff,flange b flange b eff,slab b slab. Finley used lusas bridge for its engineering redesign of the estero parkway flyover in fort myers, florida, for the contractor, zep construction. Temperatures of the steel tub increase rapidly due to the low weighttoheated perimeter ratio of the thin members. When tension flanges of longitudinal girders are connected together, the resulting structure is called a box girder bridge. Proceedings of an international conference held on 14 february 1973. Ansys fe package is used to develop the models which offer different element types and physical contact conditions between concrete deck and steel girder.
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