Factor analysis has been characterized as being at the heart of the score validation process. In fourth part, straight angle cutting and oblique angle cutting process has been compared to find out impact of various parameters on straight angle cutting and shearing and how these may be differentiated. What are the factors responsible for builtup edge in cutting tools. Orthogonal machining twoforce model cutting tool geometry is simplified from the 3d oblique geometry to a 2d orthogonal geometry. Orthogonal cutting, oblique cutting, turning operations, flank wear, wearland force, cutting. However, since cutting mechanic behavior is two dimensional, generally orthogonal cutting method is used for the determination of the effects of machining parameters 1 to 3. In orthogonal cutting, the cutting edge of the tool is at right angles to the direction of the relative motion between the tool and the work piece. During machining, the material is removed in form of chips, which are generated by shear deformation along a plane called the shear plane. Kim 3 orthogonal cutting in a lathe rake angle shear angle t o. The basic and main difference between orthogonal cutting and oblique cutting is that in orthogonal cutting, the cutting edge of the tool is perpendicular to the direction of motion but in oblique cutting, the cutting edge makes an angle with the d. Turning forces for orthogonal model end view section aa note. The basic and main difference between orthogonal cutting and oblique cutting is that in orthogonal cutting, cutting edge of the tool is perpendicular to the direction of motion but in oblique cutting the cutting edge make an angle with the direction of motion.
A shaper tool making orthogonal cutting, has a 10 degrees. I am working on the simulation of an orthogonal cutting of a titanium alloy using the sph for the workpiece and a fem for the toolwcco. Orthogonal cutting process an orthogonal metal cutting process for a controlled contact tool is depicted in figure 1 with labels illustrating the nomenclatures used in this paper. Orthogonal cutting and oblique cutting mechanical education. Difference between orthogonal and oblique cutting tools. Oblique cutting in oblique cutting, chip flow deviates from the orthogonal plane. A perfectly sharp tool will cut the metal on rack surface. In orthogonal cutting, inclination of cutting edge of tool is perpendicular to the direction of tool travel. The slight difference in cutting speed between the inside and outside edge of the chip can be neglected. This site is like a library, you could find million book here by using search box in. However, the shear angle predicted by the merchants model from the criterion of minimization of the cutting energy, does not generally agree with experimental data and numerical simulations. The main cutting force is 3600 n and the feed thrust force is 2400 n. In the shear zone, the material constitutive relationship is described by johnsoncook model, and the.
Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about orthogonal and oblique cutting ppt. Orthogonal cutting takes placewhen the cutting face of the tool is 90 degree to the line of action ofthe tool. Pdf an experimental investigation of oblique cutting mechanics. Development of predictive force models for classical. Topic 3 material removal processcut theory orthogonal. The effects of cutting speed and feed rate on buebul. Various cutting parameters including tool, metal sheet and cutting process parameters have been investigated for shearing. There are two basic types of metal cutting by a single point cutting tool. In orthogonal cutting, the radial force is zero, and it involves only two component of force. Physics of cutting mechanics force, power tool materials design for manufacturing 2. The experimental results of orthogonal cutting of maple and the modeling of the cutting mechanics are presented. Mechanics of orthogonal cutting orthogonal cutting ideal orthogonal cutting is when the cutting edge of the tool is straight and perpendicular to the direction of motion. This force is usually determined in experimental work, from the measurement of two orthogonal components. The chip flows in a direction normal to cutting edge of the tool.
In this study, a process model for orthogonal cutting processes is proposed. Orthogonal and oblique rotation methods definition. Machining can be defined as the process of removing material from a workpiece in the form of chips by a sharp cutting to leave the desired part shape. The merchants model of orthogonal cutting revisited. In on national culture frantz fanon pdf metal cutting, international research in production. However oblique cutting distribute cutting forces to greater area thus increases tool life. Topic 3 material removal processcut theory orthogonal and. There are many other differences which are describe below. Difference between orthogonal and oblique cutting free download as word doc. Cutting edge is 1 straight, 2parallel to the original plane surface on the work piece and 3perpendicular to the direction of cutting.
A single cutting edge inclined to the cutting velocity as in figure 2. However, orthogonal cutting is only a particular case of oblique cutting and. Figure 2015 orthogonal tube turning ott produces a twoforce cutting operation at speeds equivalent to those used in most oblique machining operations. Classical orthogonal and oblique cutting are the fundamental material removal or machining processes to which other practical machining processes can be related in the study and modelling of the machining processes. The merchants model, as the most famous approach of orthogonal cutting, is widely used in introductive courses on machining. An investigation into orthogonal and oblique cutting processes. Chapter 20 fundamentals of machining orthogonal machining. A set of equations relating the tangential and feed forces to the tool edge width and feed rate chip thickness to calculate the chip and edge cutting force. Transformation of the data from the orthogonal cutting test results to oblique cutting process is applied, and the results are compared with actual. The tool cutting forces were measured for different feed rates. Orthogonal cutting in orthogonal cutting the tool approaches the work piece with its cutting edge parallel to the uncut surface and at right angle to the direction of cutting. Nov, 2017 orthogonal cutting in the orthogonal cutting chip always flow along the orthogonal plane, in this video you will learn what is orthogonal machining and different angles in orthogonal machining. Metal cutting, commonly called machining, is the removal of. If the cutting face of the tool is at 90 o to the direction of the tool travel the cutting action is called as orthogonal cutting.
Factor analysis is a type of statistical procedure that is conducted to identify clusters or groups of related items called factors on a test. Friction is found to be the most critical parameter in the simulation, since good agreement can be achieved for individual process variables by tuning it. Pictometry applies dem data to both its oblique and orthogonal frame images and does so using two different techniques. Simplified orthogonal machining inplane model of the cutting process. Analytical prediction of cutting forces in orthogonal cutting. Metal cutting, commonly called machining, is the removal. Difference between orthogonal and oblique cutting mecholic. In orthogonal frames, the raw image data is warped and rewritten as a regular rectangular grid. View and download powerpoint presentations on orthogonal and oblique cutting ppt. Based on this analysis, predictive cutting force models for oblique cutting allowing for the effects of flank wear are proposed. Tool life in orthogonal cutting is less than tool life in.
Read online fundamentals of cutting iitk book pdf free download link book now. The proposed model only requires workpiece material properties and cutting conditions to predict the cutting forces during the orthogonal cutting process. What are the objectives and functions of cutting fluids. In orthogonal cutting operation, feed is at 90 degrees and it develops only two types of forces which are cutting force and thrust force which represents the 2d cutting action.
Difference between orthogonal and oblique cutting orthogonal cutting in orthogonal cutting, the tool approaches the work piece with its cutting edge parallel to the uncut surface and at right angles to the direction of cutting. A comprehensive analysis of the mechanics of cutting in the oblique cutting process is then carried out. For the 2d orthogonal mechanistic model we will ignore the radial component f t a a c f. Classical orthogonal and oblique cutting are the fundamental material removal or. Briefly explain the effect of rake angle during cutting. It acts downward against the motion of the chip as it glides upwards along the tool face. Pdf comparative study of chip formation in orthogonal and. Eric ed427031 orthogonal versus oblique factor rotation. In conventional orthogonal cutting, the rake face angle. Cutting forces act on a smaller area of cutting surface on tool if orthogonal cutting is employed so it increases wear on tool tip. The simplest case of this is known as orthogonal cutting, in which the cutting edge is perpendicular to the relative cutting velocity between tool and workpiece, as shown in figure 2.
Download fundamentals of cutting iitk book pdf free download link or read online here in pdf. Calculate the shear plane angle and the shear strain in the operation. Difference between orthogonal and oblique cutting mech4study. List out the essential characteristics of a cutting fluid. Metal cutting could be done either by a single point cutting tool or a multi point cutting tool. Orthogonal and oblique are two different types of rotation methods used to analyze information from a factor analysis. List the assumptions in calculating cutting force 2 what is orthogonal cutting and oblique cutting. The wearland force and edge force are reconsidered by analysing the oblique cutting process and the. Orthogonal and oblique cuttingthe two basic methods of metal cutting using a single point tool arethe orthogonal 2 d and oblique 3d. In virtually all applications of exploratory factor analysis, factors are rotated to better meet l. Oct 16, 2010 this paper presents an analytical method based on the unequal division shearzone model to study the machining predictive theory. In oblique cutting, the cutting edge is inclined but not. Orthogonal cutting is a type of metal cutting angle in which the direction of the cutting tool is perpendicular to the cutting edge. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it.
Analytical prediction of cutting forces in orthogonal. N, it at the tool chip interface normal to the cutting face of the tool and is provided by the tool. An eulerian reference coordinate is used to describe the steady state motion of the workpiece relative to a stationary cutting tool. A shaper tool making orthogonal cutting, has a 10 degrees rake angle.
This cutting force coefficient model can be used for predicting cutting forces in milling, turning, boring, and drilling. Jun 24, 2017 classical orthogonal and oblique cutting are the fundamental material removal or machining processes to which other practical machining processes can be related in the study and modelling of the machining processes. Finite element method, orthogonal metal cutting, remeshing. Oblique cutting implemented in industrial applications. However, the shear angle predicted by the merchants model from the criterion of minimization of the cutting energy, does not generally agree. This paper presents an analytical method based on the unequal division shearzone model to study the machining predictive theory.
The simple orthogonal cutting tests are conducted on a lathe for each workpiece material. Comparison between the orthogonal and oblique cutting. Oblique cutting orthogonal cutting is also called as two dimensional cutting and oblique cutting is also called as three dimensional cutting. For a given feed and depth of cutting, the force acts on a small area as compared with oblique cutting, so tool life is less.
An ale threedimensional model of orthogonal and oblique metal cutting processes olivier pantale, roger rakotomalala, maurice touratier l. There are two types of work tool motion in metal cutting operation. Orthogonal and oblique rotation methods orthogonal and oblique are two different types of rotation methods used to analyze information from a factor analysis. In orthogonal cutting process, the cutting edge is perpendicular 90 degree to the direction of feed. Two types of metal cutting used in industries orthogonal cutting and oblique cutting. For the 2d orthogonal mechanistic model we will ignore the longitudinal component 14. Deform2d they are given in tabular format, whereas thirdwave advantedge uses analytical. Removal of unwanted material in the form of chips in order to. What is the difference between oblique and orthogonal cutting. Bda 3052 manufacturing technology example of problem in a machining operation that approximates orthogonal cutting, the cutting tool has a rake angle 10. Fundamentals of cutting iitk pdf book manual free download. F, it is the frictional resistance of the tool acting on the chip. Abstract the experimental results of orthogonal cutting of maple and.
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